Novogen — Anisina nixed, GDC-0084 on track for Phase II

Kazia Therapeutics (NASDAQ: KZIA)

Last close As at 12/10/2024

1.32

0.04 (3.13%)

Market capitalisation

22m

More on this equity

Research: Healthcare

Novogen — Anisina nixed, GDC-0084 on track for Phase II

Novogen’s recent market updates presented mixed news for investors. Recruitment in the Cantrixil Phase I is underway and preparations for the Phase II trial of GDC-0084 in glioblastoma are progressing well, although headline data are now likely in H1 CY20, 12 months later than we initially forecast. Mixed data from preclinical studies have seen development terminated for Anisina, which had been expected to enter the clinic in H217. While the termination of Anisina is disappointing, it is encouraging to see that management is taking a disciplined approach to assessing pipeline products. We now value Novogen between A$86m (A$0.18/share) and A$146m (A$0.30/share) under two different development scenarios for GDC-0084. Major milestones anticipated in 2017 include initiation of a Phase II trial of GDC-0084 and full enrolment in the Cantrixil Phase I.

Analyst avatar placeholder

Written by

Healthcare

Novogen

Anisina nixed, GDC-0084 on track for Phase II

Pipeline update

Pharma & biotech

22 May 2017

Price

A$0.05

Market cap

A$23m

A$/US$0.76

Net cash (A$m) at 31 December 2016

18.6

Shares in issue

483.3m

Free float

90%

Code

NRT

Primary exchange

ASX

Secondary exchange

NASDAQ

Share price performance

%

1m

3m

12m

Abs

2.1

(47.8)

(54.3)

Rel (local)

3.8

(47.1)

(57.1)

52-week high/low

A$0.14

A$0.08

Business description

Novogen is an ASX- and NASDAQ-listed biotechnology company. It is developing GDC-0084 for brain cancer and its super-benzopyran (SBP) drug technology platform. SBPs show activity against cancer stem cells and are active across many different cancers.

Next events

FDA consultation re GDC-0084 Phase II design

Mid-2017

Initiate GDC-0084 Phase II

H217

Fully enrol Cantrixil Phase I

Q417

Analysts

Dennis Hulme

+61 (0)2 9258 1161

Juan Pedro Serrate

+44 (0)20 3681 2534

Novogen is a research client of Edison Investment Research Limited

Novogen’s recent market updates presented mixed news for investors. Recruitment in the Cantrixil Phase I is underway and preparations for the Phase II trial of GDC-0084 in glioblastoma are progressing well, although headline data are now likely in H1 CY20, 12 months later than we initially forecast. Mixed data from preclinical studies have seen development terminated for Anisina, which had been expected to enter the clinic in H217. While the termination of Anisina is disappointing, it is encouraging to see that management is taking a disciplined approach to assessing pipeline products. We now value Novogen between A$86m (A$0.18/share) and A$146m (A$0.30/share) under two different development scenarios for GDC-0084. Major milestones anticipated in 2017 include initiation of a Phase II trial of GDC-0084 and full enrolment in the Cantrixil Phase I.

Year
end

Revenue
(A$m)

PBT*
(A$m)

EPS*
(c)

DPS*
(c)

P/E
(x)

Yield
(%)

06/15

1.6

(8.4)

(3.0)

0.0

N/A

N/A

06/16

3.7

(11.6)

(2.8)

0.0

N/A

N/A

06/17e

4.4

(12.3)

(2.7)

0.0

N/A

N/A

06/18e

9.5

(19.0)

(3.9)

0.0

N/A

N/A

Note: *PBT and EPS are normalised, excluding exceptionals and share-based payments.

Cantrixil enters the clinic

The Phase I trial of Cantrixil in patients with recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer is expected to enrol up to 60 patients in the US and Australia and to be fully enrolled by Q417. While the primary aim is to assess dosage, safety and tolerability, radiological responses and biomarkers will be assessed for indications of efficacy.

GDC-0084 Phase II to commence H2 CY17

GDC-0084, which was in-licensed from Genentech in October 2016, was specifically designed to cross the blood-brain barrier and showed signals of potential clinical activity in a Phase I brain cancer trial conducted by Genentech. A Phase II trial in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) is expected to start in H217 and report top-line data in H1 CY20 (versus our prior estimate of H1 CY19).

Anisina terminated, new ATM programme starts

The company has terminated development of Anisina following inconsistent efficacy and emerging toxicology findings in preclinical studies. Anisina had been slated to enter the clinic in H2 CY17. Novogen has initiated a separate anti-tropomyosin (ATM) drug discovery programme supported by a A$3m government grant.

Valuation: A$86-A$146m in two GDC-0084 scenarios

We revise our indicative valuation to reflect the termination of Anisina and to incorporate GDC-0084 under two different development scenarios: assuming post-Phase III approval of GDC-0084 in 2025, our valuation is A$86m; assuming accelerated approval in 2021, our valuation is A$146m. Our valuation prior to the GDC-0084 transaction and termination of the Anisina programme was A$112m (A$0.26/share). Novogen had A$18.6m cash at 31 December 2016 and we estimate that it may require A$10m additional funding in FY18 and A$15m in FY19.

Investment summary

Company description: Two novel classes of anti-cancer drugs

Novogen is an Australian biotechnology company focused on oncology drug development. It is listed on both ASX (ASX:NRT) and NASDAQ (NASDAQ:NVGN). The company is developing two classes of anti-cancer compounds: GDC-0084, a Phase II-ready PI3K inhibitor licensed from Genentech that is being developed for GBM; and its SBP drugs, Cantrixil and Trilexium, which have shown strong preclinical efficacy in a range of cancers. A Phase I trial of Cantrixil in ovarian cancer is underway and a Phase II trial of GDC-0084 in GBM is expected to commence in H2 CY17. Novogen recently initiated an ATM drug discovery programme, largely funded by a A$3m government grant.

Valuation: A$86-146m, 18-30c per share

We value Novogen between A$86m and A$146m. Our base case valuation of A$86m assumes that GDC-0084 could be approved in 2025 after a confirmatory pivotal trial. Our alternative valuation of A$146m is for a scenario where GDC-0084 seeks potential accelerated approval in 2021 after a single Phase II trial. Our base case valuation is equal to A$0.18/share, or A$0.17/share after diluting for options and convertible notes. Our valuation is based on a risk-adjusted NPV analysis, which includes net cash and our forecasts for GDC-0084, Cantrixil and Trilexium, with probability of success of 5-25% to reflect the stage of development of each product. Our undiluted base case valuation equals US$3.39 per ADR at current exchange rates.

Financials: Additional funds likely required in FY18

Novogen reported a net loss of A$4.2m in H1 FY17 (six-month period ending 31 December 2016). R&D expenses for the period were A$4.9m and administration expenses were A$4.0m, including costs associated with the GDC-0084 transaction. We forecast R&D expenditure of A$10.9m in FY17 and A$22.5m in FY18. With A$18.6m cash at 31 December 2016 and the Phase II trial of GDC-0084 estimated to cost US$25m, Novogen will require additional funding to complete the trial. We estimate the funding requirement to be A$10m in FY18 and A$15m in FY19 (the FY19 funding requirement could potentially be met by out-licensing Cantrixil at the completion of the Phase I trial, if the outcome is positive).

Sensitivities

The key sensitivities for Novogen will be the success of its three lead drugs in clinical trials and funding risk. A crucial question will be whether GDC-0084 works sufficiently well as a single agent in GBM to justify filing for accelerated approval, or whether it will need to be used concurrently with radiotherapy or in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) or other chemotherapies in order to deliver sufficient efficacy in the target population. In our base case scenario, we assume that a confirmatory trial will be required to prove efficacy of GDC-0084, either as a single agent or as part of a combination therapy, delaying potential launch until 2025 versus 2021 under an accelerated approval scenario. While Novogen has funds to initiate the Phase II study of GDC-0084 in GBM, it would require additional funds of ~A$25m over FY18 and FY19 to complete the planned trials, which could result in significant dilution of existing shareholders given the current market capitalisation of ~A$25m. The outcome of the ongoing Cantrixil Phase I will influence the prospects of Trilexium entering the clinic.


Cantrixil in the clinic, GDC-0084 headed to Phase II

Novogen is developing two groups of anti-cancer compounds, including GDC-0084, a Phase II-ready PI3K inhibitor licensed from Genentech (a subsidiary of Roche) that is intended for GBM. The company has transferred the GDC-0084 IND from Genentech and is finalising the design for a Phase II study expected to start in H217. Its SBP drugs include Cantrixil and Trilexium, which are potent against cancer stem cells that are resistant to standard chemotherapy drugs, both in vitro and in vivo. A 60-patient Phase I trial of Cantrixil in ovarian cancer commenced in December 2016. Novogen has terminated development of its preclinical ATM drug Anisina, but has initiated a next-generation ATM drug discovery programme supported by a A$3m government grant. The company’s product pipeline is summarised in Exhibit 1.

Exhibit 1: Novogen’s product pipeline

Drug candidate

Indication

Stage

Next steps

GDC-0084

GBM

Phase II-ready

Initiate Phase II study in first-line GBM in H217.

Cantrixil

Malignant ascites

Phase I

Fully enrol Phase I study H2 CY17.

Trilexium

Melanoma

Preclinical

Complete animal efficacy studies. Initiate preclinical toxicology studies.

Prostate cancer

Preclinical

Brain cancer

Preclinical

Demonstrate that TRXE-009 is effective against cancer cells growing in the brains of mice.

Source: Edison Investment Research

GDC-0084: Specifically developed to target GBM

Novogen in-licensed the Phase II-ready drug GDC-0084 from Genentech in October 2016. GDC-0084 is an orally administered small molecule phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor that targets an important growth signalling pathway in cancer cells. The drug was specifically developed to cross the blood-brain barrier and target the aggressive brain cancer GBM, a disease with poor patient survival for which there are few effective therapies. The drug has completed a Phase I trial in patients with advanced disease, which confirmed that it readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and that it led to dose-dependent inhibition of tumour growth. Seven of the eight patients treated at the maximum tolerated dose of 45mg/day demonstrated levels of drug in the bloodstream that were associated with significant inhibition of tumour growth in preclinical models.

GBM: An aggressive brain cancer with few effective treatments

GBM is the most common and most aggressive primary malignant tumour of the brain and spinal cord. Approximately 11,500 patients are diagnosed with GBM each year in the US. GBM tumours are characterised by invasive and diffuse growth, which makes complete surgical removal difficult. Standard treatment for GBM entails surgical resection of the tumour followed by radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy with TMZ, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with the same drug to treat the residual infiltrative component of the tumour. Despite this aggressive treatment the disease invariably returns, resulting in a five-year survival rate of only 5%.1

  CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2008-2012. Ostrom et al Neuro-Oncology 17:iv1–iv62, 2015.

Preliminary design for GDC-0084 Phase II released

Novogen has outlined plans for a randomised Phase II study of GDC-0084 as first-line maintenance therapy in patients with recently diagnosed GBM, as shown in Exhibit 2. Patients will undergo surgery to remove the bulk of the tumour and receive a standard six-week course of radiotherapy in combination with TMZ before entering the study. Study participants will be randomised to receive either 45mg of GDC-0084 for up to two years or to receive TMZ for up to six months (which is the approved duration of treatment with TMZ).

The trial will recruit patients where the promoter of the O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) gene in the tumour cells is unmethylated. These patients receive only minimal benefit from treatment with TMZ and are in urgent need of more effective therapies. About 61%2 of GBM patients have an unmethylated MGMT promoter, so GDC-0084 will be targeting use in the majority of recently diagnosed GBM patients.

  Average of Chinot et al N Engl J Med 2014; 17:708-717 (67%) and Hegi et al N Engl JMed 2005; 352:997-1003 (55%).

The proposed Phase II trial design shown in Exhibit 2 is in line with the assumptions in our report dated October 2016, but the trial will be larger, recruiting 200 patients vs our prior assumption of 160 subjects. The trial is also expected to start slightly later (H2 CY17 vs Q2 CY17) and take longer to complete (2.5 years vs 21-24 months). Top-line PFS data are now expected in H1 CY20 vs our prior assumption of Q119.

Our previous budget estimate for the trial of US$25m still seems adequate, despite the modest increase in trial size and duration.

Exhibit 2: Proposed design of GDC-0084 Phase II

Source: Novogen investor presentation, April 2017

Background: PI3K and history of GDC-0084

PI3K is a promising target for GBM drug development

The PI3K signalling pathway plays a crucial role in cellular proliferation, metabolism, survival and apoptosis (programmed cell death). PI3K signalling is initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G-protein coupled receptors located at the cell surface, and by some oncogenic proteins such as Ras.

The PI3K pathway is frequently over-activated in cancer. The over-activation can occur through a variety of mechanisms including mutation and amplification of genes in the pathway, or by loss of function of the tumour suppressor PTEN, which is a negative regulator of PI3K signalling. Abnormal PI3K signalling is associated with over 80% of cases of the GBM.3

  The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human GBM genes and core pathways. Nature 2008, 455, 1061−1068.

The first approved cancer drugs that target the PI3K pathway were the rapamycin analogues everolimus and temsirolimus, which inhibit mTORC1. The PI3K inhibitor idelalisib (Zydelig, Gilead Sciences) was first approved by the FDA in 2014 and is approved to treat several types of leukaemia and lymphoma, providing validation for PI3K as a target for anticancer drug development. Idelalisib is a selective inhibitor of the delta isoform of PI3K (PI3Kδ).

In March 2016, Gilead halted six combination trials of idelalisib in newly diagnosed patients due to serious side effects including deaths from infections. Idelalisib inhibits the delta isoform of PI3K and inhibiting strongly PI3Kdelta affects the immune system. In contrast, GDC-0084 strongly inhibits PI3Kalpha and only weakly inhibits PI3Kdelta, and has not caused similar side effects in clinical trials.

Thorough GDC-0084 preclinical programme

Novogen will benefit from the thorough preclinical development programme that Genentech has conducted for GDC-0084.

GDC-0084 is a potent brain-penetrant small molecule inhibitor of PI3Kalpha (EC50 2nM) that was specifically designed for treatment of brain cancer. The drug is also deliberately designed to be a moderately potent inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase (EC50 70nm) to avoid the toxicity seen with drugs that are potent inhibitors of both targets.

GDC-0084 was shown to freely cross the blood-brain barrier in the mouse, rat and dog. Studies showed that the drug inhibited PI3K activity in mouse brain, and strongly inhibited tumour growth in animal models using patient-derived tumours.

GDC-0084 combines with radiotherapy for increased efficacy

GDC-0084 showed increased efficacy when it was combined with radiotherapy under different treatment schedules in two separate studies performed in mice with GBM tumours implanted in the brain. However, it was not clear from the mouse studies whether GDC-0084 will give maximum benefit when administered as a monotherapy at the completion of a course of radiotherapy, or whether it would be more effective if it was administered at the same time as radiotherapy.

Phase I trial showed a trend to efficacy at higher doses

Genentech conducted a Phase I study of GDC-0084 in patients with progressive or recurrent high-grade gliomas (WHO Grade III–IV), including GBM and malignant astrocytoma. The study enrolled 47 patients in eight successive dose escalation cohorts (2-65mg). The maximum tolerated doses (MTD) was identified as 45mg.

Overall, the adverse event profile was consistent with PI3K/mTOR class effects; adverse events at the MTD were amenable to monitoring, manageable and reversible upon dose hold or discontinuation. The most common Grade 3 adverse events related to GDC-0084 were hyperglycaemia (four patients) and mucositis (three patients).

Oral dosing of GDC-0084 demonstrated favourable pharmacokinetics in the Phase I trial, with sustained plasma levels following daily oral dosing. Analysis of tissue samples from a surgical brain specimen from one patient confirmed that the drug crosses the blood-brain barrier in humans, with concentrations seen in healthy brain and in tumour tissue higher than the levels in plasma
(Exhibit 3).

Exhibit 3: GDC-0084 concentration in a surgical brain specimen*

Sample

Total GDC-0084

Free GDC-0084

Plasma

0.56 uM

0.11 uM

Brain Tissue

0.86 uM

0.058 uM

Brain Tumour

0.80 uM

0.054 uM**

Source: Morrissey, Vora et al ASCPT 2016 poster. Notes: *Resection of brain tissue and tumour from a patient dosed at 45 mg QD; samples obtained 5.5 hours (plasma) and 7 hours (brain) post-dose. **Assumes same binding as brain.

Exhibit 4 summarises the tumour responses for the patients in the Phase I study, grouped by dose cohort. Although none of the tumours reached the 50% reduction in tumour size that would qualify as a partial response, a dose response in tumour growth was apparent, with much less tumour growth in patients treated at 45mg (the MTD) or higher doses.

It is important to note that the Phase I study was performed in patients with late-stage disease and rapidly growing tumours. In the planned Phase II trial, Novogen will be testing whether this reduction in tumour growth is sufficient to improve PFS and/or overall survival in patients with early-stage disease who have undergone surgical resection and radiotherapy.

Exhibit 4: GBM patients in Phase I trial showed a trend to better disease control at higher doses of GDC-0084

Source: Wen et al 2016 ASCO poster. Note: Maximum tolerated dose was identified as 45mg (blue bars).

Targeting the majority of GBM patients who get minimal benefit from current drug therapy

Novogen anticipates conducting a randomised Phase II trial of GDC-0084 as adjuvant therapy in newly diagnosed GBM patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter. In a seminal study reported in 2005, Hegi et al4 found that GBM patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter received only minimal additional benefit when standard of care drug TMZ was added to radiotherapy in first-line treatment of newly diagnosed disease.

  Hegi et al N Engl J Med 2005;352(10):997-1003.

Exhibit 5 shows that patients whose tumour contained a methylated MGMT promoter received a survival benefit when TMZ was added to standard radiotherapy; their median survival was 21.7 months, as compared with 15.3 months among those who received only radiotherapy (HR 0.51, P=0.007). In patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter, there was a smaller and statistically insignificant difference in survival between patients who received TMZ and radiotherapy (orange line) compared to radiotherapy alone (blue line, 12.7 vs 11.8 months, HR 0.69, P=0.06).

Exhibit 5: Adding TMZ to radiotherapy in first line GBM provides little benefit to patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter

Source: Hegi et al N Engl J Med 2005;352(10):997-1003

Brain metastases offer potential upside

Although initial development of GDC-0084 will target GBM, it also has the potential to treat brain metastases for a range for different cancers. Brain metastases are quite common, but there are few drugs available to treat them. Lung, breast and melanoma represent the majority of brain metastases. Genentech has done preclinical studies showing that GDC-0084 improves survival in mouse models of brain metastases in HER2+ breast cancer. A large study5 estimated that approximately 7% of HER2+ breast cancer patients eventually develop brain metastases.

  Pestalozzi et al Ann Oncol. 2006 Jun;17(6):935-44.

The company has highlighted that the treatment of brain metastases from cancers that originate in other parts of the body is a potential opportunity for future partners. In order to provide a modest recognition of this opportunity, we have added a potential indication for the treatment of brain metastases of HER2+ breast cancer in our indicative valuation model.

Additionally, even though GDC-0084 has been specifically designed to cross the blood-brain barrier, it is also likely to be effective against tumours elsewhere in the body. However, at this stage we have not included potential applications of GDC-0084 for any indications other than GBM and breast cancer brain metastases in our valuation model.

Cantrixil Phase I underway – data expected H118

A Phase I study of Cantrixil in ovarian cancer enrolled its first patient on schedule in December 2016. Up to 60 patients are expected to be enrolled across six sites in the US and Australia. While the primary purpose of the trial is to demonstrate safety and tolerability, patients will also be assessed for tumour responses. The trial is expected to take around 18 months to complete, reporting data in H1 CY18. The US FDA has granted Cantrixil Orphan Drug status for ovarian cancer.

Cantrixil is being administered as an intraperitoneal (IP) therapy delivered directly into the abdominal cavity. IP administration delivers higher concentration of the drug to the site of the tumour for longer periods, and studies of advanced ovarian cancer patients have shown a survival benefit for IP delivery compared to intravenous administration of chemotherapy drugs.

Researchers at Yale University have shown that Cantrixil is active in a stringent, clinically relevant rodent model of human ovarian cancer. Cantrixil is the first drug to show uniformly high potency against the Yale library of ovarian cancer stem cells collected from tumours that had stopped responding to chemotherapy. Patients with ovarian cancer face a very poor prognosis, with a five-year survival rate of only 35%, so an urgent unmet clinical need remains for better treatment for ovarian cancer patients.

Trilexium

Trilexium is at an earlier stage of development than GDC-0084 and Cantrixil. The company is undertaking an ongoing programme of drug formulation, preclinical efficacy and toxicology studies, but the drug is not expected to enter the clinic before 2018. If Cantrixil shows signs of efficacy in the ongoing Phase I trial, then we would expect to see increased focus on the development of Trilexium.

Trilexium has shown efficacy against cells from a wide range of cancers, including melanoma, colorectal, liver, lung, breast, prostate and brain cancers, in in vitro studies. Notably, the drug is highly cytotoxic against patient-derived explants of the childhood brain cancer known as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) in vitro. Trilexium also inhibits tumour growth in flank models where GBM, melanoma and prostate cancer tumours are growing under the skin of rodents.

In addition, combination therapy with Trilexium and the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (Tafinlar, GlaxoSmithKline) inhibited melanoma tumour growth and improved survival in mice to a significantly greater extent than dabrafenib alone.

Additional orthotopic animal studies are planned where the human tumour cells are growing in the same organ as the original cancer. This allows the cancer cells to interact with the surrounding organ tissue, which affects the growth, differentiation and drug sensitivity of tumour cells. Mechanism of action and biomarker studies are underway, aimed at informing patient selection for future clinical trials.

Anisina terminated, new ATM discovery programme funded

The company has terminated development of Anisina, following inconsistent efficacy and emerging toxicology findings in preclinical studies that raised concerns about whether a therapeutically active dose could be safely administered to patients. The scientific committee of the board of directors concluded that the available preclinical data did not support initiation of clinical trials for Anisina. Anisina had been scheduled to enter the clinic in H2 CY17.

Separately, a collaboration led by Novogen has been awarded a grant of up to A$3m from the Australian government payable over three years to develop next-generation ATM therapies for cancer treatment. The research is distinct from the technology underlying the terminated Anisina programme.

Novogen is the lead partner in the collaboration that also involves the University of New South Wales and the privately held CRO, ICP Firefly. Novogen will contribute A$1m and the University of New South Wales will contribute A$0.3m to funding the project.

While the project is at a very early stage, it could potentially provide a new ATM drug with a superior toxicity and activity profile to address the market opportunity that had previously been identified for Anisina.

Development scenarios for GDC-0084 post-Phase II

We consider two potential development scenarios for GDC-0084 in GBM (accelerated approval post-Phase II or standard approval post-Phase III), as outlined below.

Potential for accelerated approval if Phase II is positive

If the upcoming Phase II trial of GDC-0084 in GBM demonstrates that treatment with GDC-0084 delivers a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS, then this would probably justify filing an application for accelerated approval. With PFS data anticipated in H1 CY20, this scenario could potentially see the drug launched in H2 CY21 as shown in Exhibit 6.

Exhibit 6: Assumed clinical trial and approval timeline for GDC-0084 accelerated approval

Source: Edison Investment Research

Potential timeline for Phase III approval scenario

Our second scenario assumes that the results of the first Phase II trial indicate that GDC-0084 is efficacious against GBM, but that additional evidence from a second clinical trial is required before filing for approval. We anticipate that this second trial would take three years to complete and note that it could potentially involve combining GDC-0084 with radiotherapy or TMZ. Exhibit 7 shows our forecast timeline for this two-trial scenario, which could potentially see a launch in H1 CY25.

Exhibit 7: Assumed clinical trial and approval timeline for GDC-0084 under two-trial scenario

Source: Edison Investment Research

An additional Phase Ib would give a partner more options

In our view, Novogen could give potential partners more options for future development of GDC-0084 by completing an additional Phase Ib trial while the Phase II trial is underway. One potential option for such a trial would be to identify the dose GDC-0084 can be safely administered while the patient is undergoing radiotherapy treatment (concurrent administration); a second option would be to identify a dose of GDC-0084 that can be safely used in combination with TMZ (ie adding GDC-0084 on top of TMZ therapy).

Both of these treatment strategies could potentially lead to higher overall efficacy. Adding GDC-0084 on top of standard TMZ therapy would have the added advantage of opening up the potential to treat GBM patients with a methylated MGMT promoter, as well as the unmethylated patient population to be targeted in the upcoming Phase II trial.

Novogen has not disclosed any plans to conduct an additional Phase Ib trial, but we have included one in Exhibits 6 and 7 to illustrate potential timing.

Valuation

We have substantially revised our valuation model for Novogen to reflect the termination of the Anisina development programme, the addition of GDC-0084 following the completion of the in-licensing transaction, and longer development timelines for Cantrixil and Trilexium. We have valued GDC-0084 under two different development scenarios for GBM – in addition to our base case valuation, which assumes market launch in 2025 following completion of a Phase III trial, we have also valued GDC-0084 assuming accelerated approval with a launch in 2021.

As a result of these changes our base case valuation of Novogen has declined to A$86m (previously A$112m) or A$0.18/share undiluted (vs A$0.26/share) and A$0.17/share after diluting for options and convertible notes (vs A$0.23/share). Novogen is also listed on NASDAQ under the code NVGN, with each NASDAQ-listed ADR representing 25 ordinary shares. Our undiluted base case valuation equals US$3.39 per ADR at current exchange rates (previously US$4.95 per ADR). Note that the per-share value accounts for the shares issued as part of the acquisition of Glioblast (A$1.5m in shares) but not the Glioblast milestone payments (potentially A$1.25m of shares in FY18 on initiation of Phase II, and a further A$1.25m potentially payable in FY20 on successful completion of Phase II).

In both valuation scenarios for GDC-0084, we assume that the programme is out-licensed to a marketing partner in mid-2020 after reporting PFS data from the Phase II trial in a deal that includes US$120m in clinical and regulatory milestone payments (but differing upfront payments; we risk-adjust milestone payments in our forecasts). We also assume that Novogen pays a royalty of 10% of net sales to Genentech and that global sales for GBM reach US$1,050m in 2030.

Under both scenarios for GDC-0084 we also include a second indication for the treatment of brain metastases in patients HER2+ breast cancer, with a 2026 launch date.

The two scenarios assume different launch dates, upfront payment amounts and royalty rates payable to Novogen. For the post-Phase III approval scenario used in our base case valuation, we assume a 2025 launch date, and that the licence deal includes a US$20m upfront payment and that Novogen receives a 15% royalty on net sales (the accelerated approval scenario valuation is discussed below Exhibit 8).

We have revised forecast development timelines for Cantrixil and Trilexium to include a Phase II trial duration of 2.5 years in line with the forecast for GDC-0084 (vs two years previously). Cantrixil is now assumed to be launched in 2025 (vs 2024). Trilexium is now assumed to commence clinical trials in 2018 (vs 2017) and launch in 2027 (vs 2026).

While our valuation reflects our understanding of the likely development path for Novogen’s three lead drugs, it should be considered as indicative because of the early stage of development of Cantrixil and Trilexium. Our valuation is based on a risk-adjusted discounted cash flow model. Our cash flow forecasts extend out to 2035, but do not include any terminal valuation and apply a 12.5% discount rate. In calculating the diluted NPV/share, we assume that the A$0.6m remaining balance of the Triaxial convertible note is converted to 24m shares on completion of Phase II trials. (the A$1.5m convertible note was issued as part of the purchase of Triaxial and its SBP technology, A$0.9m was converted in H1 FY17).

Exhibit 8 shows our base case market assumptions for GDC-0084, Cantrixil and Trilexium and the contribution of product royalties and milestone payments to the rNPV. We have offset the risk-adjusted trial cost against milestone revenue for each drug, rather than against royalty revenue. This understates the contribution of the milestone payments to the rNPV and overstates the contribution of royalties.

Exhibit 8: Novogen base case valuation (assumes confirmatory GDC-0084 pivotal trial required)

 

Likelihood (%)

rNPV (A$m)

rNPV/sh (A$)

Assumptions

GDC-0084 – GBM

25%

17.1

$0.04

Global peak sales* of US$1,050m from GBM (11,500 US cases/year, 61% unmethylated MGMT promoter, 80% penetration); pricing of US$50k. Global sales 2x US sales; launch 2025; assumes receives 15% royalty on sales, pays away 10% of royalty to Genentech.

GDC-0084 – brain metastases in HER2+ breast cancer

20%

7.0

$0.01

Global peak sales of US$570m (233,000 US breast cancer cases/year, 37% HER2+, 7% develop brain metastases, 50% penetration); pricing of US$50k. Global sales 2x US sales; launch 2026; assumes receives 15% royalty on sales, pays away 10% of royalty to Genentech.

Ovarian and other abdominal cancers: Cantrixil

10%

26.6

$0.05

Global peak sales of US$680m from ovarian cancer (14,300 US deaths/year, 30% penetration) and bowel cancer (50,300 US deaths, 25% develop malignant ascites, 20% penetration); pricing of US$50k. Global sales 2x US sales; launch 2025; assumes receives 15% royalty on sales, pays away 5% of revenue to Yale.

Melanoma: Trilexium

5%

4.2

$0.01

Global peak sales of US$$300m assuming 9,700 US deaths/year; 30% penetration; pricing of US$50k. Global sales 2x US sales; launch 2027; assumes receives 15% royalty on sales.

Brain cancer: Trilexium

5%

3.8

$0.01

Global peak sales of US$300m assuming annual US incidence of GBM of 11,500 cases, 25% penetration; DIPG US incidence 275, 80% penetration; pricing of US$50k. Global sales 2x US sales; DIPG launch 2027; 15% royalty on sales.

GDC-0084 milestones

2.8

$0.01

Assumes potential licensing upfronts and milestones total US$140m (US$127m net of payments to Glioblast and Genentech; US$38m after risk adjustment).

Cantrixil milestones

12.0

$0.02

Assumes potential licensing upfronts and milestones total US$140m (US$23m after risk adjustment); assumes 5% of upfront and milestone payment paid away to Yale.

Trilexium milestones

4.7

$0.01

Assumes potential licensing upfronts and milestones total US$140m (US$14m risk adjusted).

SG&A to 2020

-10.6

-$0.02

Portfolio total

 

67.7

$0.14

Cash (31 December 2016)

18.6

$0.04

Enterprise total

 

86.3

$0.18

Source: Edison Investment Research. Note: *Peak sales in actual dollars in forecast year. We had previously expressed peak sales in 2015 dollars based on current addressable market. We assume that the addressable markets grow at 4% per year. Launch dates listed are calendar years (in some cases the launch will be in the following financial year to the calendar year stated).

For our alternative accelerated approval valuation scenario, we assume a market launch in late 2021 and that Novogen receives a higher 20% royalty rate and a larger US$40m upfront payment because the data are ready for filing, with other deal terms the same as for the Phase III approval scenario. Exhibit 9 shows that accelerated approval for GDC-0084 would increase our valuation for Novogen to A$146m or A$0.30/share (undiluted) and A$0.28/share after diluting for options and convertible notes.

Exhibit 9: Novogen valuation in GDC-0084 accelerated approval scenario

 

Likelihood (%)

rNPV (A$m)

rNPV/sh (A$)

Assumptions

GDC-0084 – GBM

25%

60.0

$0.12

As for Exhibit 8, except 2021 launch (vs 2025) and 20% gross royalty on sales (vs 15%).

GDC-0084 – brain metastases in HER2+ breast cancer

20%

14.1

$0.03

As for Exhibit 8, except 20% gross royalty on sales (vs 15%).

GDC-0084 milestones

12.7

$0.03

Assumes potential licensing upfronts and milestones total US$160m (US$147m net of payments to Glioblast and Genentech; US$48m after risk adjustment). Milestones received earlier than base case (final milestone in 2021 vs 2025).

GDC-0084 total

86.8

$0.18

Remainder of portfolio

40.7

$0.08

Portfolio total

 

127.5

$0.26

Cash (31 December 2016)

18.6

$0.04

Enterprise total

 

146.1

$0.30

Source: Edison Investment Research. Launch dates listed are calendar years.

Sensitivities

The key sensitivity for Novogen will be the success of its three lead drugs in clinical trials. A crucial question regarding GDC-0084 will be whether it works sufficiently well as a single agent in adjuvant therapy to justify accelerated approval. If it needs to be used concurrently with radiotherapy or with TMZ to deliver sufficient efficacy in GBM then one or more additional efficacy trials may be required, as outlined in our base case scenario, delaying potential launch until 2025 vs 2021 under an accelerated approval scenario. There is also a significant risk that GDC-0084 may not provide sufficient survival benefit to justify approval either as a single agent or combination therapy.

We have assumed that a Phase Ib study of GDC-0084 in combination with either radiotherapy or TMZ is conducted in parallel with the planned Phase II trial, but that will be dependent on adequate funding.

While Novogen has funds to initiate the Phase II study of GDC-0084 in GBM, we estimate that it would require additional funds of ~A$25m over 2018 and 2019 to complete all the planned trials, which could result in significant dilution of existing shareholders given the current market capitalisation of ~A$25m.

Our valuation includes revenues from the development of three drugs in five disease indications, as well as (risk-adjusted) upfront and milestone payments for three licensing deals. While each of these targeted indications is supported by the current preclinical efficacy studies and evidence of a dose response in the GDC-0084 Phase I trial, the company may not ultimately pursue development of the drugs for all of these indications. On the other hand, ongoing preclinical efficacy studies could identify additional disease indications that should be investigated in clinical trials. While we believe that the drug development timelines used in our forecasts are achievable, at this early stage it is hard to accurately predict how long it will take to get the drugs to market.

Financials: Additional funds likely required in FY18

Novogen’s H1 FY17 results (six months ending 31 December 2016) showed a net loss of A$4.2m, 6% larger than the previous corresponding period. R&D expenses were virtually unchanged at A$4.9m compared to A$5.0m in H1 FY16. Administration expenses rose to A$4.0m (vs A$3.0m in H116), including costs associated with the GDC-0084 transaction. Cash at 31 December was A$18.6m.

Glioblast and the GDC-0084 licence acquired in 2016 are valued in the accounts at A$19.6m. The valuation comprises A$7.1m cash consideration (A$6.5m (US$5m) to Genentech and A$0.6m to Glioblast) and A$1.5m shares issued to Glioblast vendors (17.2m shares at A$0.09), plus contingent consideration of A$5.1m and deferred tax liability of A$5.9m. The contingent consideration payable to Glioblast comprises four milestone payments, while the contingent consideration to Genentech comprises a single milestone payable on market launch of GDC-0084. Novogen has probability weighted the milestones and then discounted to present value in calculating the A$5.1m valuation.

We have updated our financial forecasts to reflect termination of Anisina development and later timing of forecast spending on GDC-0084 and Trilexium clinical trials. We have reduced forecast R&D expenditure by 44% to A$10.9m in FY17 and by 26% to A$22.5m in FY18. We estimate that Novogen has sufficient funds to support operations to the end of FY17, but will require addition funds of ~A$10m in FY18 and a further A$15m in 2019 if Trilexium progresses to clinical trials and the GDC-0084 Phase II trial progresses as planned (part of the FY19 funding requirement could be met by upfront payments if Cantrixil is out-licensed at the completion of the Phase I trial). Note that we include unrisked clinical trial costs in our financial forecasts to show the potential funding requirement if the clinical trial programme is conducted in line with our expectations (trial costs risk-adjusted for NPV calculation).

Exhibit 10: Financial summary

 

A$'000s

2014

2015

2016

2017e

2018e

Year end 30 June

AASB

AASB

AASB

AASB

AASB

PROFIT & LOSS

Sales, royalties, milestones

0

0

0

0

0

Other (includes R&D tax rebate)

342

1,637

3,665

4,400

9,528

Revenue

 

 

342

1,637

3,665

4,400

9,528

R&D expenses

(2,476)

(5,935)

(9,894)

(10,947)

(22,474)

SG&A expenses

(3,695)

(3,269)

(5,120)

(5,926)

(4,484)

Other

0

0

0

0

0

EBITDA

 

 

(5,829)

(7,567)

(11,349)

(12,473)

(17,430)

Operating Profit (before GW and except.)

 

 

(5,291)

(7,572)

(11,421)

(12,592)

(17,544)

Intangible Amortisation

(570)

(570)

(570)

(66)

(1,596)

Exceptionals

0

1,116

(569)

0

0

Operating Profit

(5,861)

(7,026)

(12,560)

(12,657)

(19,141)

Net Interest

(628)

(280)

406

335

145

Profit Before Tax (norm)

 

 

(7,569)

(8,422)

(11,586)

(12,323)

(18,995)

Profit Before Tax (reported)

 

 

(7,569)

(7,306)

(12,154)

(12,323)

(18,995)

Tax benefit

0

0

0

0

0

Profit After Tax (norm)

(7,569)

(8,422)

(11,586)

(12,323)

(18,995)

Profit After Tax (reported)

(7,569)

(7,306)

(12,154)

(12,323)

(18,995)

Average Number of Shares Outstanding (m)

156.7

238.4

427.4

456.5

483.3

EPS - normalised (c)

 

 

(4.76)

(2.99)

(2.84)

(2.70)

(3.93)

EPS - diluted

 

 

(4.76)

(2.99)

(2.84)

(2.70)

(3.93)

Dividend per share (A$)

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

BALANCE SHEET

Fixed Assets

 

 

2,021

1,491

1,427

20,542

20,181

Intangible Assets

1,960

1,390

822

19,955

18,359

Tangible Assets

14

85

592

573

1,809

Investments

47

16

13

14

14

Current Assets

 

 

2,638

44,649

34,090

16,044

7,812

Stocks

0

0

0

0

0

Debtors

66

151

199

199

199

Cash

2,502

44,371

33,453

14,524

6,292

Other

70

127

438

1,320

1,320

Current Liabilities

 

 

(3,247)

(1,777)

(1,432)

(1,432)

(1,432)

Creditors

(259)

(1,619)

(1,300)

(1,300)

(1,300)

Short term borrowings

(2,707)

0

0

0

0

Other

(281)

(159)

(132)

(132)

(132)

Long Term Liabilities

 

 

0

0

(154)

(11,807)

(21,807)

Long term borrowings

0

0

0

0

(10,000)

Other long term liabilities

0

0

(154)

(11,807)

(11,807)

Net Assets

 

 

1,412

44,362

33,931

23,347

4,754

CASH FLOW

Operating Cash Flow

 

 

(5,709)

(5,759)

(12,383)

(12,086)

(17,027)

Net Interest

0

0

405

335

145

Tax

0

0

0

0

0

Capex

(27)

(97)

(525)

(100)

(1,350)

Acquisitions/disposals

0

8

3

(7,097)

0

Equity Financing

2,793

47,415

782

20

0

Dividends

0

0

0

0

0

Other

0

0

0

0

0

Net Cash Flow

(2,943)

41,566

(11,719)

(18,929)

(18,232)

Opening net debt/(cash)

 

 

(1,323)

205

(44,371)

(33,453)

(14,524)

HP finance leases initiated

0

0

0

0

0

Other

1,416

3,011

800

0

0

Closing net debt/(cash)

 

 

205

(44,371)

(33,453)

(14,524)

3,708

Source: Novogen accounts, Edison Investment Research

Contact details

Revenue by geography

Level 1
16-20 Edgeworth David Avenue
Hornsby NSW 2077
Australia
Tel: +61 2 9472 4100
www.novogen.com

N/A

Contact details

Level 1
16-20 Edgeworth David Avenue
Hornsby NSW 2077
Australia
Tel: +61 2 9472 4100
www.novogen.com

Revenue by geography

N/A

Management team

CEO: Dr James Garner

Chairman: John O’Connor

Dr Garner is an experienced life sciences executive who has previously worked with companies ranging from small biotechs to multinational pharmaceutical companies such as Biogen and Takeda. His career has focused on regional and global development of new medicines from preclinical to commercialisation. Dr Garner is a physician by training and holds an MBA from the University of Queensland. He began his career in hospital medicine and worked for a number of years as a corporate strategy consultant with Bain & Company before entering the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining Novogen in 2016, he led R&D strategy for Sanofi in Asia-Pacific and was based in Singapore.

John has spent his working life in the financial industry. In this time he has worked both in fund management and as a stockbroker. He has worked in the UK, the US and in Australia. He has held management roles and been a partner in securities businesses. He served on the Board of Lonsec Securities, a Zurich Insurance owned business, for several years. He has been a consultant to several biotech businesses, including MEI Pharma, assisting with fundraising.

Management team

CEO: Dr James Garner

Dr Garner is an experienced life sciences executive who has previously worked with companies ranging from small biotechs to multinational pharmaceutical companies such as Biogen and Takeda. His career has focused on regional and global development of new medicines from preclinical to commercialisation. Dr Garner is a physician by training and holds an MBA from the University of Queensland. He began his career in hospital medicine and worked for a number of years as a corporate strategy consultant with Bain & Company before entering the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining Novogen in 2016, he led R&D strategy for Sanofi in Asia-Pacific and was based in Singapore.

Chairman: John O’Connor

John has spent his working life in the financial industry. In this time he has worked both in fund management and as a stockbroker. He has worked in the UK, the US and in Australia. He has held management roles and been a partner in securities businesses. He served on the Board of Lonsec Securities, a Zurich Insurance owned business, for several years. He has been a consultant to several biotech businesses, including MEI Pharma, assisting with fundraising.

Principal shareholders

(%)

National Nominees

41.6

Hishenk Pty Ltd

2.1

Dr Andrew Heaton

1.2

Companies named in this report

Roche

Edison is an investment research and advisory company, with offices in North America, Europe, the Middle East and AsiaPac. The heart of Edison is our world-renowned equity research platform and deep multi-sector expertise. At Edison Investment Research, our research is widely read by international investors, advisers and stakeholders. Edison Advisors leverages our core research platform to provide differentiated services including investor relations and strategic consulting. Edison is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Edison Investment Research (NZ) Limited (Edison NZ) is the New Zealand subsidiary of Edison. Edison NZ is registered on the New Zealand Financial Service Providers Register (FSP number 247505) and is registered to provide wholesale and/or generic financial adviser services only. Edison Investment Research Inc (Edison US) is the US subsidiary of Edison and is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Edison Investment Research Pty Limited (Edison Aus) [46085869] is the Australian subsidiary of Edison. Edison Germany is a branch entity of Edison Investment Research Limited [4794244]. www.edisongroup.com

DISCLAIMER
Copyright 2017 Edison Investment Research Limited. All rights reserved. This report has been commissioned by Novogen and prepared and issued by Edison for publication globally. All information used in the publication of this report has been compiled from publicly available sources that are believed to be reliable, however we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this report. Opinions contained in this report represent those of the research department of Edison at the time of publication. The securities described in the Investment Research may not be eligible for sale in all jurisdictions or to certain categories of investors.
This research is issued in Australia by Edison Investment Research Pty Ltd (Corporate Authorised Representative (1252501) of Myonlineadvisers Pty Ltd (AFSL: 427484)) and any access to it, is intended only for "wholesale clients" within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 of Australia. The Investment Research is distributed in the United States by Edison US to major US institutional investors only. Edison US is registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Edison US relies upon the "publishers' exclusion" from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and corresponding state securities laws. As such, Edison does not offer or provide personalised advice. We publish information about companies in which we believe our readers may be interested and this information reflects our sincere opinions. The information that we provide or that is derived from our website is not intended to be, and should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as, personalised advice. Also, our website and the information provided by us should not be construed by any subscriber or prospective subscriber as Edison’s solicitation to effect, or attempt to effect, any transaction in a security. The research in this document is intended for New Zealand resident professional financial advisers or brokers (for use in their roles as financial advisers or brokers) and habitual investors who are “wholesale clients” for the purpose of the Financial Advisers Act 2008 (FAA) (as described in sections 5(c) (1)(a), (b) and (c) of the FAA). This is not a solicitation or inducement to buy, sell, subscribe, or underwrite any securities mentioned or in the topic of this document. This document is provided for information purposes only and should not be construed as an offer or solicitation for investment in any securities mentioned or in the topic of this document. A marketing communication under FCA Rules, this document has not been prepared in accordance with the legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research and is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research. Edison has a restrictive policy relating to personal dealing. Edison Group does not conduct any investment business and, accordingly, does not itself hold any positions in the securities mentioned in this report. However, the respective directors, officers, employees and contractors of Edison may have a position in any or related securities mentioned in this report. Edison or its affiliates may perform services or solicit business from any of the companies mentioned in this report. The value of securities mentioned in this report can fall as well as rise and are subject to large and sudden swings. In addition it may be difficult or not possible to buy, sell or obtain accurate information about the value of securities mentioned in this report. Past performance is not necessarily a guide to future performance. Forward-looking information or statements in this report contain information that is based on assumptions, forecasts of future results, estimates of amounts not yet determinable, and therefore involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of their subject matter to be materially different from current expectations. For the purpose of the FAA, the content of this report is of a general nature, is intended as a source of general information only and is not intended to constitute a recommendation or opinion in relation to acquiring or disposing (including refraining from acquiring or disposing) of securities. The distribution of this document is not a “personalised service” and, to the extent that it contains any financial advice, is intended only as a “class service” provided by Edison within the meaning of the FAA (ie without taking into account the particular financial situation or goals of any person). As such, it should not be relied upon in making an investment decision. To the maximum extent permitted by law, Edison, its affiliates and contractors, and their respective directors, officers and employees will not be liable for any loss or damage arising as a result of reliance being placed on any of the information contained in this report and do not guarantee the returns on investments in the products discussed in this publication. FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”) © FTSE 2017. “FTSE®” is a trade mark of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and is used by FTSE International Limited under license. All rights in the FTSE indices and/or FTSE ratings vest in FTSE and/or its licensors. Neither FTSE nor its licensors accept any liability for any errors or omissions in the FTSE indices and/or FTSE ratings or underlying data. No further distribution of FTSE Data is permitted without FTSE’s express written consent.

Frankfurt +49 (0)69 78 8076 960

Schumannstrasse 34b

60325 Frankfurt

Germany

London +44 (0)20 3077 5700

280 High Holborn

London, WC1V 7EE

United Kingdom

New York +1 646 653 7026

245 Park Avenue, 39th Floor

10167, New York

US

Sydney +61 (0)2 8249 8342

Level 12, Office 1205, 95 Pitt Street

Sydney, NSW 2000

Australia

Frankfurt +49 (0)69 78 8076 960

Schumannstrasse 34b

60325 Frankfurt

Germany

London +44 (0)20 3077 5700

280 High Holborn

London, WC1V 7EE

United Kingdom

New York +1 646 653 7026

245 Park Avenue, 39th Floor

10167, New York

US

Sydney +61 (0)2 8249 8342

Level 12, Office 1205, 95 Pitt Street

Sydney, NSW 2000

Australia

Edison is an investment research and advisory company, with offices in North America, Europe, the Middle East and AsiaPac. The heart of Edison is our world-renowned equity research platform and deep multi-sector expertise. At Edison Investment Research, our research is widely read by international investors, advisers and stakeholders. Edison Advisors leverages our core research platform to provide differentiated services including investor relations and strategic consulting. Edison is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Edison Investment Research (NZ) Limited (Edison NZ) is the New Zealand subsidiary of Edison. Edison NZ is registered on the New Zealand Financial Service Providers Register (FSP number 247505) and is registered to provide wholesale and/or generic financial adviser services only. Edison Investment Research Inc (Edison US) is the US subsidiary of Edison and is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Edison Investment Research Pty Limited (Edison Aus) [46085869] is the Australian subsidiary of Edison. Edison Germany is a branch entity of Edison Investment Research Limited [4794244]. www.edisongroup.com

DISCLAIMER
Copyright 2017 Edison Investment Research Limited. All rights reserved. This report has been commissioned by Novogen and prepared and issued by Edison for publication globally. All information used in the publication of this report has been compiled from publicly available sources that are believed to be reliable, however we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this report. Opinions contained in this report represent those of the research department of Edison at the time of publication. The securities described in the Investment Research may not be eligible for sale in all jurisdictions or to certain categories of investors.
This research is issued in Australia by Edison Investment Research Pty Ltd (Corporate Authorised Representative (1252501) of Myonlineadvisers Pty Ltd (AFSL: 427484)) and any access to it, is intended only for "wholesale clients" within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 of Australia. The Investment Research is distributed in the United States by Edison US to major US institutional investors only. Edison US is registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Edison US relies upon the "publishers' exclusion" from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and corresponding state securities laws. As such, Edison does not offer or provide personalised advice. We publish information about companies in which we believe our readers may be interested and this information reflects our sincere opinions. The information that we provide or that is derived from our website is not intended to be, and should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as, personalised advice. Also, our website and the information provided by us should not be construed by any subscriber or prospective subscriber as Edison’s solicitation to effect, or attempt to effect, any transaction in a security. The research in this document is intended for New Zealand resident professional financial advisers or brokers (for use in their roles as financial advisers or brokers) and habitual investors who are “wholesale clients” for the purpose of the Financial Advisers Act 2008 (FAA) (as described in sections 5(c) (1)(a), (b) and (c) of the FAA). This is not a solicitation or inducement to buy, sell, subscribe, or underwrite any securities mentioned or in the topic of this document. This document is provided for information purposes only and should not be construed as an offer or solicitation for investment in any securities mentioned or in the topic of this document. A marketing communication under FCA Rules, this document has not been prepared in accordance with the legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research and is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research. Edison has a restrictive policy relating to personal dealing. Edison Group does not conduct any investment business and, accordingly, does not itself hold any positions in the securities mentioned in this report. However, the respective directors, officers, employees and contractors of Edison may have a position in any or related securities mentioned in this report. Edison or its affiliates may perform services or solicit business from any of the companies mentioned in this report. The value of securities mentioned in this report can fall as well as rise and are subject to large and sudden swings. In addition it may be difficult or not possible to buy, sell or obtain accurate information about the value of securities mentioned in this report. Past performance is not necessarily a guide to future performance. Forward-looking information or statements in this report contain information that is based on assumptions, forecasts of future results, estimates of amounts not yet determinable, and therefore involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of their subject matter to be materially different from current expectations. For the purpose of the FAA, the content of this report is of a general nature, is intended as a source of general information only and is not intended to constitute a recommendation or opinion in relation to acquiring or disposing (including refraining from acquiring or disposing) of securities. The distribution of this document is not a “personalised service” and, to the extent that it contains any financial advice, is intended only as a “class service” provided by Edison within the meaning of the FAA (ie without taking into account the particular financial situation or goals of any person). As such, it should not be relied upon in making an investment decision. To the maximum extent permitted by law, Edison, its affiliates and contractors, and their respective directors, officers and employees will not be liable for any loss or damage arising as a result of reliance being placed on any of the information contained in this report and do not guarantee the returns on investments in the products discussed in this publication. FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”) © FTSE 2017. “FTSE®” is a trade mark of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and is used by FTSE International Limited under license. All rights in the FTSE indices and/or FTSE ratings vest in FTSE and/or its licensors. Neither FTSE nor its licensors accept any liability for any errors or omissions in the FTSE indices and/or FTSE ratings or underlying data. No further distribution of FTSE Data is permitted without FTSE’s express written consent.

Frankfurt +49 (0)69 78 8076 960

Schumannstrasse 34b

60325 Frankfurt

Germany

London +44 (0)20 3077 5700

280 High Holborn

London, WC1V 7EE

United Kingdom

New York +1 646 653 7026

245 Park Avenue, 39th Floor

10167, New York

US

Sydney +61 (0)2 8249 8342

Level 12, Office 1205, 95 Pitt Street

Sydney, NSW 2000

Australia

Frankfurt +49 (0)69 78 8076 960

Schumannstrasse 34b

60325 Frankfurt

Germany

London +44 (0)20 3077 5700

280 High Holborn

London, WC1V 7EE

United Kingdom

New York +1 646 653 7026

245 Park Avenue, 39th Floor

10167, New York

US

Sydney +61 (0)2 8249 8342

Level 12, Office 1205, 95 Pitt Street

Sydney, NSW 2000

Australia

More on Kazia Therapeutics

View All

Latest from the Healthcare sector

View All Healthcare content

Tonix Pharmaceuticals — Time to execute

With the commencement of enrolment for the pivotal Phase III HONOR study of TNX-102 SL in military-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the future of Tonix is squarely in its hands. The study is expected to enroll up to 550 patients with a CAPS-5 of ≥33 upon entry. Importantly, the FDA has agreed to an interim analysis encompassing 275 patients at which point it may be stopped for efficacy. The FDA has also indicated that if the data are “statistically persuasive” only one study may be needed for approval. The interim analysis is expected in H118 with full data in H218.

Continue Reading

Subscribe to Edison

Get access to the very latest content matched to your personal investment style.

Sign up for free